Некоторые публикации:

Научные и популярные статьи


 Научные статьи:

Allard, P., Dajlevie, D., and Delarue, C., 1989, Origin of carbon dioxide emanation from the 1979 Dieng eruption, Indonesia; implications for the origin of the 1986 Nyos catastrophe, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 39, p. 195-206.

Barberi, F., Chelini, W., Marinelli, G., and Martini, M., 1989, The gas cloud of Lake Nyos (Cameroon, 1986): results of the Italian technical mission, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 39, p. 125-134.

Baxter, P.J., and Kapila, M., 1989. Acute health impact of the gas release at Lake Nyos, Cameroon 1986. J. Volcanology Geothermal Research, v. 39.

Baxter, P.J., Kapila, M., and Mfonfu, D., 1989, Lake Nyos disaster, Cameroon, 1986: the medical effects of large scale emission of carbon dioxide? Brit. Med. J., v. 298, p. 1437-1441.

Bernard, A. and Symonds, R. B. (1989) The significance of siderite in the sediments from Lake Nyos, Cameroon. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, 187-194.

Botz, R., Stoffers, P., Faber, E., and Tietze, K., 1988, Isotope geochemistry of carbonate sediments from Lake Kivu (East-Central Africa), Chemical Geology, v. 69, p. 299-308.

Chevrier, R.M., 1990, Lake Nyos: phenomenology of the explosive event of December 30, 1986, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 42, p. 387-390.

Cotel, A. J. 1999. A trigger mechanism for the Lake Nyos disaster, Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (88)4 (1999) pp. 343-347

Dalrymple, G. B. and Lockwood, J. P. (1990) 40Ar/39Ar laser probe evidence concerning the age and associated hazards of the Lake Nyos maar, Cameroon. Natural Hazards 3, 373-378.

Degens, E.T., von Herzen, R.P., Wong, H.-K., Deuser, W.G, and Jannasch, H.W., 1973. Lake Kivu: Structure, chemistry and biology of an East African rift lake. Geologische Rundschau, 62:245-277.

Deuser, W.G., Degens, E.T., Harvey, G.R., and Rubin, M., 1973, Methane in Lake Kivu: new data bearing on its origin, Science, v. 181, p. 51-53.

Evans, W. C., G. W. Kling and M. L. Tuttle. (In Press). Lake Nyos, Cameroon: Examining the 1986 gas release from the system standpoint. In Water-Rock Interaction, Vol. 8. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Evans, W. C., G. W. Kling, M. L. Tuttle, G. Tanyileke, and L. D. White. 1993. Gas buildup in Lake Nyos: the recharge process and its consequences. Applied Geochemistry 8:207-221.

Evans, W. C., L. D. White, M. L. Tuttle, G. W. Kling, G. Tanyileke and R. L. Michel. 1994. Six years of change at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, yield clues to the past and cautions for the future. Geochemical Journal 28:139-162.

Freeth, S. J. (1992) The Lake Nyos gas disaster. Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa (Freeth, S. J., Onuoha, K. M. and Ofoegbu, C. S. eds.), Earth Evolution Series, International Monograph Series on Interdisciplinary Earth Sciences Research and Applications, 63-82.

Freeth, S. J. and Kay, R. L. F. (1987) The Lake Nyos gas disaster. Nature 325, 104-105.

Freeth, S. J. and Kay, R. L. F. (1991) How much water swept over the Lake Nyos dam during the 1986 gas disaster? Bull. Volcanol. 53, 147-150.

Freeth, S. J., G. W. Kling, M. Kusakabe, J. Maley, F. Tchoua, K. Tiezte. 1990. Conclusions from the Lake Nyos Disaster. Nature 348:201.

Freeth, S.J. and Kay, R.L.F., 1987, The Lake Nyos gas disaster, Nature, v. 325, p. 104-105.

Freeth, S.J., D.C. Rex, 2000. Constraints on the age of Lake Nyos, Cameroon, Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (97)1-4 (2000) pp. 261-269.

Giggenbach, W. F. (1990) Water and gas chemistry of Lake Nyos and its bearing on the eruptive process. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 42, 337-362.

Giggenbach, W.F., Sano, Y., Schmincke, H.U., 1991, CO2-rich gases from Lake Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon; laacher See, Germany; Dieng, Indonesia, and Mt. Gambier, Australia- variations on a common theme, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 45, p. 311-323.

Green, J., and G. W. Kling. 1988. The genus Daphnia in Cameroon, West Africa. Hydrobiologia 160:257-261.

Halbwachs, M., Grangeon, J., Sabroux J.-C. and Villevielle, A. (1993) Gas-lift flushing of dissolved carbon dioxide out of Lake Monoun, Cameroon: first experimental results. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 316, 483-489.

Kanari, S. (1989) An inference on the process of gas outburst from Lake Nyos, Cameroon. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, 135-149.

Kling, G. W., W. C. Evans, M. L. Tuttle and G. Tanyileke. 1994. Degassing of Lake Nyos. Nature 368:405-406.

Kling, G. W., W. C. Evans, and M. L. Tuttle. 1991. A comparative view of Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon. Verein. ver. Internat. Limnologie 24:1102-1105

Kling, G. W., Tuttle, M. L. and W. C. Evans. 1989. The evolution of thermal structure and water chemistry in Lake Nyos. J. Volcanology and Geothermal Research 39:151-166.

Kling, G. W., Tuttle, M. L. and W. C. Evans. 1989. The safety of Cameroon lakes. Nature 337:215.

Kling, G. W. 1988. Comparative transparency, depth of mixing, and stability of stratification in lakes of Cameroon, West Africa. Limnology and Oceanography 33:27-40.

Kling, G. W. 1987. Seasonal mixing and catastrophic degassing in tropical lakes, Cameroon, West Africa. Science 237: 1022-1024.

Kling, G. W., M. Clark, H. R. Compton, J. D. Devine, W. C. Evans, A. M. Humphrey, J. P. Lockwood and M. L. Tuttle. 1987. The 1986 Lake Nyos gas disaster, Cameroon, West Africa. Science 236:169-175.

Kusakabe, M., G.Z. Tanyileke, S.A. McCord, S.G. Schladow, 2000. Recent pH and CO2 profiles at Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon: implications for the degassing strategy and its numerical simulation, Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (97)1-4 (2000), pp. 241-260.

Kusakabe, M. and Sano, Y. (1992) The origin of gases in Lake Nyos, Cameroon. Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa (Freeth, S. J., Onuoha, K. M. and Ofoegbu, C. S. eds.), Earth Evolution Series, International Monograph Series on Interdisciplinary Earth Sciences Research and Applications, 83-95.

Kusakabe, M., Ohsumi, T. and Aramaki, S. (1987) Role of lake water in the 1986 Nyos gas disaster. Technical Report of the Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior-Ser. A No. 14, 22p.

Kusakabe, M., Ohsumi, T. and Aramaki, S. (1989) The Lake Nyos gas disaster: Chemical and isotopic evidence in waters and dissolved gases from three Cameroonian crater lakes, Nyos, Monoun, and Wum. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, 167-185.

Le Guern, F. and Sigvaldason, G.E. (eds.), 1989, The Lake Nyos event and natural CO2 degassing, I, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 39, 95-275.

Lockwood, J. P. and Rubin, M. (1989) Origin and age of the Lake Nyos maar, Cameroon. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, 117-124.

Lockwood, J.P., Costa, J.E., Tuttle, M.L., Nni, J. and Tebor, S.G., 1988. The potential for catastrophic dam failure at Lake Nyos maar, Cameroon. Bulletin Volcanology, 50:340-349.

Marechal, A. (1976) Geologie et Geochimie des Sources Thermominerales du Cameroun., Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer (ORSTOM), Paris, 168p.

Nana, R., Nkoumbou, C., Tchouankoue, J.P., Tabod, C., and Tchou F.M. Preliminary studies of some peridotite xenoliths from Nyos volcanoes (Cameroon): implications for the evaluation of volcanic hazards, Current Research on Volcanic Lakes, Newsletter of the IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Lakes #9, p. 21-24.

Newman, F.C., 1976. Temperature steps in Lake Kivu: A bottom heated saline lake. J. Physical Oceanography, 6:157-163.

Nojiri, Y., Kusakabe, M., Hirabayashi, J., Sato, H., Shinohara, H., Njine, T. and Tanyileke, G. (1990) Gas discharge at Lake Nyos. Nature 346, 322-323.

Nojiri, Y., Kusakabe, M., Tietze, K., Hirabayashi, J., Sato, H., Sano,Y., Shinohara, H., Njine, T. and Tanyileke, G. (1993) An estimate of CO2 flux in Lake Nyos, Cameroon. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38, 739-752.

Oskarsson, N. (1990) Carbon Dioxide bursts of Lake Nyos, Cameroon, modelled as periodic supersaturation in a countercurrent reactor. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 42, 307-318.

Piboule, M., Pourchet, M., Bouchez, R., Amosse, J., Brenac, P., Maley, J., Pinglot, J.F., and Vincent, C., 1990, Radiometric studies of Lake Nyos (Cameroon) sediments: evidence of strong mixing and excess 210-Pb, J. Volconol. Geotherm. res., v. 42, p. 363-372.

Pourchet, M., Pinglot, J.F., Maley, J., and Melieres, M.A., 1988, Another gas burst in a Cameroon Lake?, Nature, v. 334, p. 655.

Pourchet, M., Pinglot, J.F., Maley, J., Melieres, M.A., and Zogning, A., 1990, Lake Bambuluwe (Cameroon): building-up the same scenario as Lake Nyos?, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 42, p. 397-400.

Rice, A. 2000. Rollover in volcanic crater lakes: a possible cause for Lake Nyos type disasters, Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (97)1-4 (2000) pp. 233-239.

Sabroux, J.S., Villeveille, A., Dubois, E., Doyotte, C., Halbwachs, M., and Vandemeulebrouck, J., 1990, Satellite monitoring of the vertical temperature profile of lake Nyos, Cameroon, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 42, p. 381-385.

Sano, Y., Kusakabe, M., Hirabayashi, J., Nojiri, Y., Shinohara, H., Njine, T. and Tanyileke, G. (1990) Helium and carbon fluxes in Lake Nyos, Cameroon: Constraint on the next lethal gas burst. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 99, 303-314.

Sano, Y., Wakita, H., Ohsumi, T., and Kusakabe, M., 1987, Helium isotope evidence for magmatic gases in Lake Nyos, cameroon, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 14, no. 10, p. 1039-1041.

Schenker, R. and Dietrich, V. J. (1986) The Lake Nyos gas catastrophe (Cameroon). A magmatological interpretation. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 66, 343-384.

Schoell, M. Tietze, K., and Schoberth, S. M., 1988, Origin of methane in lake Kivu (East-Central Africa), Chemical Geology, v. 71, p. 257-265.

Schuster, R.L. and Lockwood, J.P., 1991, Geologic hazards at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, West Africa, AEG News, v. 34, p. 28-29.

Sigurdsson, H. S. (1988) Gas bursts from Cameroon crater lakes: A new natural hazard. Disasters 12, 131-146.

Sigurdsson, H., 1987b, A dead chief's revenge, Natural History, v. 96, p. 44-49.

Sigurdsson, H., Devine, J. D., Tchoua, F. M., Presser, T. S., Pringle, M. K. W., and Evans, W. C., 1987. Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroon. J. Volcanology Geothermal Research, 31:1-16.

Sigvaldason, G. E. (1989) International conference on Lake Nyos disaster, Yaounde, Cameroon 16-20 March, 1987: Conclusions and recommendations. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, 97-107.

Tazieff, H. (1989) Mechanisms of the Nyos carbon dioxide disaster and of so-called phreatic steam eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, 109-116.

Tazieff, M.H., Faivre-Pierret, R.X., LeGuern, F., and Chevrier, R. M., 1987. La catastrophe de Nyos, Republique du Cameroun. Centre des Faibles Radioactivites CNRS contribution N°811, 76 pp.

Tebor, S.G., 1990, Gas emission and hydrothermal manifestation in the Lake Nyos area: January 5, 1987, January 26, 1987, June 20, 1987, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 40, p. 391-392.

Tietze, K. (1987) Results of the German-Cameroon Research Expedition to Lake Nyos (Cameroon) October/November 1986. Interim-Report, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Archive no. 100470, 84p.

Tietze, K. (1992) Cyclic gas bursts: are they a "usual" feature of Lake Nyos and other gas-bearing lakes? Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa (Freeth, S. J., Onuoha, K. M. and Ofoegbu, C. S. eds.), Earth Evolution Series, International Monograph Series on Interdisciplinary Earth Sciences Research and Applications, 97-107.

Tietze, K., 1978. Geophysikalische Untersuchung des Kivusees und seiner ungewöhnlichen Methangaslagerstätte - Schichtung, Dynamik un Gasgehalt des Seewassers. Thesis, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel.

Tietze, K., 1987. Results of the German-Cameroon research expedition to Lake Nyos (Cameroon)- October/November 1986- interim report, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Archive no. 100470, Hannover, 84 pp.

Tietze, K., 1991, Potential hazard and possible utilization of dissolved gases in stratified lakes, exemplified by Lake Nyos and Kivu, Verh. int. Ver. Limnol., v. 24, p. 1106.

Tietze, K., Geyh, M., Muller, H., Schroder, L., Stahl, W. and Wehner, H. (1980) The genesis of the methane in Lake Kivu (Central Africa). Geol. Rundsch. 69, 452-472.

Tuttle, M. L., Briggs, P. H., Evans, W. C., Kling, G. W. and Lockwood, J. P. (1992) Influence of mafic minerals on water chemistry and water-column stability of Lake Nyos, Cameroon. Extended Abstracts of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, USA, p.449-452.

Tuttle, M.L., Clark, M.A., Compton, H.R., Devine, J.D., Evans, W.C., Humphrey, A.M., Kling, G.W., Koenigsberg, E.J., Lockwood, J.P., and Wagner, G.N., 1987. The 21 August 1986 Lake Nyos gas disaster, Cameroon. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 87-97, 58 pp.

Tuttle, M.L., P.H. Briggs, W.C. Evans, G.W. Kling, and J.P. Lockwood. 1992. Influence of mafic minerals on water chemistry and water column stability of Lake Nyos, Cameroon. pp. 449-452 In, Y. Kharaka and A. Maest (eds), Water-Rock Interaction, Vol. 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Woods, Andrew W., Jeremy C. Phillips, 1999. Turbulent bubble plumes and CO2-driven lake eruptions, Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research 92(3-4) (1999) 259-270.

Zhang, Y. 2000. Energetics of gas-driven limnic and volcanic eruptions, Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (97)1-4 (2000) pp. 215-231.


Популярные статьи:

"The World's Most Deadly Bubble". By Robin McKie, The London Observer, 20 August 2000, p. 24.

"The Killing Lakes". By Marguerite Holloway, Scientific American, July 2000, pp. 92-99.

"Volcanic Killers". Public TV and BBC 60 minute film documentary. First aired 9 June 2000.

"Cameroon's Killer Lakes". Interview with June Christie on BBC London, first aired 2 May 2000.

"Scientists Set To Burst Bubble of Africa's Killer Lakes". By Hillary Mayell, National Geographic News, 26 April 2000, www.nationalgeographic.com/news.

"Pipes Will Help 'Killer Lakes' Vent". By David Brown, The Washington Post, 31 January 2000, p. A09.

"U.S. to Lead Effort to Avert Natural Disaster Repeat in Cameroon". By Gregory Sokoloff, Agence France Presse, 1 February 2000.

"Cameroon's Killer Lakes". Documentary television program produced by Discovery Channel Canada; Interviewed by Jay Ingram. First aired 12 January 2000.

"African Lakes". Radio Program aired by Voice of America, Interview by David McAlary. First aired February 2000.

"Just When You Thought it was Safe to go Back in the Water...". By David Brown, The Vancouver Sun, 3 February 2000, p. A15. (Also released in The Toronto Sun, 6 February 2000, Sunday Edition.)

"Bubbling Lake of Death [Sprudelwasser des Todes]". By Philip Bethge, Der Spiegel, no. 48, November 1999, p. 290-291.

"Killer Mist - Lakes in Cameroon Poised to Erupt With Lethal Gas". By Amanda Onion, Fox News. September 14, 1999.

"Lake Nyos". Documentary television program produced for The Learning Channel (by Sachnoff-Lipman Entertainment). First aired February 1999.

"Disarming deadly waters". By Robert Cooke, Newsday, May 1996, p. B21.

"Model sheds light on a tragedy and a new type of eruption". By Ray Ladbury, Physics Today, May 1996, p. 20-22.

"The Lake Nyos Disaster". By Ben Norse and Bernie Dittrich, ChemMatters, February 1996, p. 13-15.

"Cameroon's killer lakes: A rising threat". By Richard Monastersky, 1994, Science News 145:215.

"Killer lakes threaten to strike again". By Constance Holden (ed.), 1994, Science 264:26.

"Solving the problems of Cameroon's killer lakes". By Robert McDonald; Interview and broadcast for Quirks and Quarks, Canadian National Public Radio, 20 April 1994.

"Pumping Could Eliminate Lake's Deadly Gas Danger". By Nancy Ross-Flanigan, Detroit Free Press, January 14, 1992, p. 3B.

"Recycling a Lake's Dangerous Gas". By Barry James, International Herald Tribune, September 17, 1992, p. 17.

"Nyos, the Killer Lake, May Be Coming Back". By Richard Kerr, 1989, Science 244:1541-1542.

"A Killer Lake in Cameroon". By George Kling, p. 271 In Science Year, Review of Science and Technology During the 1987 School Year. World Book, Inc., Chicago, 1988.

"Lake Nyos was Rigged for Disaster". By Richard Kerr, 1987, Science 235:528-529.

"Cameroon's Killer Lake". Feature article by Curt Stager, National Geographic, September 1987, p. 404-420.

"Cameroon Clouds: Soda Source?". By Richard Monastersky, 1987, Science News 131:388.

"Plumbing the Depths of a Lethal Lake". Discover Magazine, May 1987, p. 12.

"There May be More than One Way to Make a Volcanic Lake a Killer". By Richard Kerr, 1986, Science 233:1257-1258.

"Cameroon: The First Wave of Clues". By Stefi Weisburd, 1986, Science News 130:180-181.

"Cameroon's Valley of Death". By Nancy Cooper, Newsweek, 8 September 1986, p. 26-28.


 Интернет:

Nyos Home Page

CVO Website - Volcanic Lakes and Gas Releases

Degassing the killer lakes, lakes Nyos and Monoun